Labrador Retriever
a breed of domestic dog
Conservation status
Domesticated
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Genus: Canis
Species: C. lupus
Subspecies: C. l. familiaris
Trinomial name
Canis lupus familiaris
The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. Dogs were domesticated from wolves
as recently as 15,000 years ago,[1] or perhaps as early as 100,000 years ago
based upon recent genetic fossil and DNA evidence.[2] Other research suggests
that dogs have only been domesticated for a much shorter amount of time.[3][4]
New evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia, possibly
China,[5] and the first peoples to enter North America took dogs with them
from Asia. Genetic research has identified 14 ancient dog breeds, with the
oldest being the Chow Chow, Shar Pei, Akita Inu, Shiba Inu and Basenji. Because
many of the 14 breeds are associated with China and Japan, the theory that
the dog originated in Asia seems to be likely.[5] Over time, the dog has developed
into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. For example, heights
at the withers range from just a few inches (such as the Chihuahua) to roughly
three feet (such as the Irish Wolfhound), and colors range from white to black,
with reds, grays (usually called blue), and browns occurring in a tremendous
variation of patterns.
Dogs, like humans, are highly social animals and this similarity in their overall behavioral pattern accounts for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations. This similarity has earned dogs a unique position in the realm of interspecies relationships. The loyalty and devotion that dogs demonstrate as part of their natural instincts as pack animals closely mimics the human idea of love and friendship, leading many dog owners to view their pets as full-fledged family members. Conversely, dogs seem to view their human companions as members of their pack, and make few, if any, distinctions between their owners and fellow dogs. Dogs fill a variety of roles in human society and are often trained as working dogs. For dogs that do not have traditional jobs, a wide range of dog sports provide the opportunity to exhibit their natural skills. In many countries, the most common and perhaps most important role of dogs is as companions. Dogs have lived with and worked with humans in so many roles that their loyalty has earned them the unique sobriquet "man's best friend".[6] Conversely, some cultures consider dogs to be unclean. In some parts of the world, dogs are raised as livestock to produce dog meat for human consumption. In many places, consumption of dog meat is discouraged by social convention or cultural taboo.
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